ICT in Manufacture Essay Example for Free

ICT in Manufacture Essay Information technology has had a massive effect on manufacture over the past decades making job losses bigger and creating new jobs for machines giving manufacturing company managers easier jobs than before. In the early fifties manufacturing companies made items such as cars and stereo systems would have been made by hand by a large group of people. These people would have a different workstation with several people working on one aspect of the item. All these would have had to have the same qualifications to do this part. For now lets take something easy like the making of dolls like action man and Barbie. A conveyor belt would go across with one item to begin with and along the conveyor belt sat workers. These workers would each have a part that they would add to the doll as it went past them. And at the end the doll would have been made fitted with all limbs and clothes. One problem with this system was that when everyone had a tea break and lunch break at the same time stopping the line of manufacture and making hard for the workers to stick to a tight schedule. Now this problem has been solved because machines do all the work. There are no conveyor belts or rows of workers needed. The machines do all of the work. The few people you may find are those with clipboards walking around the machines monitoring how they are working. So with this new system when people have to take breaks there is no need for these machines to stop they just keep on working till the end of the day. One small problem with this system is that if one of the major components of a machine breaks down then you would have to shut down all the other machines so that the one that is broken can be fixed. This would result in a couple of hours lost for making the product. When these sort of manufacturing companies invested in computer technology to make their dolls not many jobs were lost. But when car companies started employing machines to make their cars instead of people less jobs were needed in that industry. Both the making and the designing of cars have changed via the use ICT. In the designing department drawings were made by hand and tests for aerodynamics and crashes were done in a special arena. But now ICT has changed all that. Drawings are made my computer with a special programme that reads the dimensions and put makes it out to be the shape of the car. With these dimensions they can then run simulations for aerodynamics and crashes and see if it scientifically possible to build the car. Down in the production unit of the car manufacturers people use to stand in big groups making parts for cars and adjusting them, parts such as body kits, engines and the main body. These people didnt have to really be qualified they just had to be trained in how to do the job at a certain workstation. So when machines were introduced in how to do these jobs many people were left unemployed and with no qualifications. This made it harder for them to get more jobs. Companies can also take as much of the blame as ICT. If the car manufacturers were willing to pay out a bit more money on training, their existing workers how to use and control these machines then they wouldnt have to cut down on workers. They also would leave several hundred workers readily employable with qualifications if they needed to be re-employed. The majority of car companies failed to do this, keeping the younger employees and firing the employees that had been there quite long and leaving in a position where some of them couldnt provide food for their families. Therefore ICT in manufacture has had a positive and negative effect on places all around the world.

Letters from a Birmingham Jail Essays -- American Literature

Letters from a Birmingham Jail Aristotle is a very citable man when it comes to the way we think today. His rhetoric techniques are still being used in today's society. The Neo-Aristotelian Criticism is three different appeals of persuasion. This is ethos, pathos and logos, which makes one heck of a convincing argument. Ethos gives credibility, pathos shows emotion and logos uses words. In the text, Letter from Birmingham Jail, we find many examples of the criticism. Martin Luther King Jr. is writing a letter from inside the jail of Birmingham in April of 1963. This letter King wrote was in response to a letter he received from the religious leaders after King is making a stand against the racial issues in Alabama. These leaders stand firm in their letter when they say that when rights are being denied, they should be handled in the courts with negotiations and not in the streets. The authorities have placed Martin Luther King Jr. against his own will after his demonstration of desegregation. While incarcerated, King managed to find anything and everything to write this letter that is now famous for being a link to the end of public racism all over the nation. The content of the letter is filled with appeals of ethos, pathos and logos, which is necessary to make a strong argument. The first area of the Neo-Aristotelian criticism we are going to look at is the ethos. As defined earlier, ethos gives credibility. This deals with the ethics of right and wrong as society sees fit. A strong point of ethos appeals is its powerful effect on the reader. The down side to this is it's hard to get yet easy to lose. As we analysis this artifact, we find an example in the second paragraph. King gives a brief description of his backg... ...l for those who left their example and for those who are going to follow his example. In Conclusion, A Letter from a Birmingham Jail met its intended purpose to those of the audience being the clergymen and the reader today. Martin Luther King, Jr. has proven himself to the clergymen of Alabama, in regards to his reasoning for a more equal nation. The bottom line is that every man was created equally, so we should all have the same rights as the next person. In my own opinion, I think the letter was very necessary. These men of faith were more focused on what man thought rather than their creator's. This piece by King is very affective to the reader as well as the audience. It is evident that Martin Luther King, Jr. works went unnoticed, because we are living in a mixed racial society. The reader is very affected by the letter's history and how it came to be.

The Addie Model – Instructional Design and Example Lesson Plan

The ADDIE model is a generic process that is usually used by instructional designers and training developers. It offers instructional designers with a definite structure that ensures efficient instructional products.   ADDIE stands for its five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.These five phases are representations of a flexible and dynamic guideline for establishing effective training and support tools for performance. Each phase is represented by as a project output and a set of activities.   More so, each phase ends in a review, which forms a go or a no-go point to determine whether to proceed to the next phase or not.During the Analysis phase, the instructional problem is defined and the instructional goals are established.   More so, this is the phase where the learner’s present skills and knowledge and the learning environment is identified.   Some of the outputs and activities to be considered in the Analysis phase are as foll ows: §Ã‚   Clarify instructional problem and instructional objectives §Ã‚   Determine the audience and their characteristics §Ã‚   Identify the existing types of learning constraints §Ã‚   Identify the new behavioral outcome §Ã‚   Determine the delivery options §Ã‚   Determine the timeline to complete the projectIn the Design phase, the complete design of the learning solution is determined. This phase addresses the training methods (administered online or detailed storyboards with training program and course content illustrations).The Design phase considers the assessment tools, lesson planning, learning objectives, content, subject matter, media selection, and exercises.   Therefore, this phase entails a systematic and specific approach.   The following procedures are utilized in the Design phase: §Ã‚   Documentation of a project’s instructional, technical, and visual design strategy §Ã‚   Application of instructional strategies based on the intended beh avioral outcomes by domain (affective, cognitive, and psychomotor) §Ã‚   Designing the use interface and experience §Ã‚   Prototyping the creation §Ã‚   Application of visual or graphic designThe Development Phase of the ADDIE model involves the creation and assembly of the content assets, which were blueprinted in the Design phase.   Instructional designers and developers create storyboards, write the contents, and design the graphics in this phase.   The following activities are conducted during the Development phase: §Ã‚   Acquisition and/or creation of required media §Ã‚   Determining apt interactions through creativity, innovation, and exploration §Ã‚   Planning of activities that allows the construction of a supportive social environmentThe Implementation Phase involves the development of a training procedure for both learners and facilitators.   The training of facilitators should encompass the course content, learning outcomes, delivery methodologies, and p rocedures for testing.   On the other hand, learners should be trained on using new tools, which will be used in the learning process.   The Implementation phase usually involves only two activities: execute and maintain the learning solution.The last phase in the ADDIE model, which is the Evaluation phase, consists of two parts, the Formative and Summative evaluation.   The Formative evaluation is present throughout the entire ADDIE process while the Summative evaluation involves tests that are designed for criterion-related referenced items.   The Summative evaluation provides opportunities for feedback from learners.The ADDIE Model is a repetitive instructional design process in which the outcomes of the formative evaluation of each phase may prompt an instructional designer to go back to any previous phase.   The outcome of one phase determines the starting product of the next phase.ADDIE Model and Instructional PlanningInstructional Planning asserts that instruction s hould be data driven.   It is assumes that both learners and teachers should gain access to the expected results of a course.   The purpose of Instructional Planning is to acknowledge quality and aid in the enhancement and improvement of a course.Since an instructional plan presents individual instruction from teaching to learning, this is where the ADDIE model comes in; the ADDIE model provides a definite structure of the instructional plan.As the instructional plan serves as a communication tool between learners and teachers, the ADDIE model provides a step by step process of the instructional plan.   Each step in the instructional plan consists of outcomes from the ADDIE model that feed the next step in a specific sequence.   

Salvador Dali and Science Essay - 1747 Words

Within the realm of Surrealism, more specifically the surrealist group, they contain works that are overly subjective and involve definite notions to scientific observation of nature, as well as the interpretations of dreams. Encapsulating the former ideas of Albert Einstein, there is a close resemblance to theories that are at the very base of quantum mechanics. Upon further inspection, Salvador Dali’s artistic imagery and methodology, as well as Andrà © Breton’s, could be seen as expressions of lucid subconsciousness. For example, Andrà © Breton emphasized the necessity understanding physics as a surrealist, in order to interpret or distort ‘reality’. Within Breton’s Break of Day he states, â€Å"Does every man of today, eager to conform to the†¦show more content†¦Dali hides this fact by stating that an individual’s consciousness to be more important than the reality of external time or experiences. Surrealism would be the perfect language to describe the ‘real’ world discovered by Einstein. This can be confirmed upon further inspection, as Dali goes on to say in The Sanitary Goat that: â€Å"Physics in this case is the kind that once can believe in – that one can believe or interpret, even when it forms part of the delirium; the physics which must create with new geometry of thought will be precisely†¦the delirium of paranoiac interpretation†. Though his association of relativity and paranoia here is a highly subjective suggestion. In the late 1930’s Dali conceptualizes a method he called ‘critical paranoia’. Unbeknownst at the time, this methodology would eventually lead to his expulsion from the surrealist group. Dali described ‘critical paranoia’ as â€Å"a spontaneous method of irrational knowledge based on systematic objectification and fantasizing interpretations.† The goals was to allow his viewers t o understand his works as delusional, but be set in a somewhat agreeable clarity that made them seem realistic; at the same time place them in his ‘delirium’ mind state or a, â€Å"systematic confusion and contribution to the complete discrediting of the world of reality.† Back in 1986, Henri Bergson theorized the subject of dual time: objective time, which is determinate and measurable and subjective time formed on theShow MoreRelated Sigmund Freuds Influence upon Salvador Dali Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesconstant change. Science and medicine were evolving, and one man in particular sought to expand knowledge and understanding. Sigmund Freud, the most renowned, thought provoking psychologist to have ever lived, opened an exciting chapter in the study of the mind. 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Three artists who have produced paintings of the Last Supper include Leonardo DaVinci, Jacopo Tintoretto and Salvador Dali. Each of these artists interpreted the religious event and recreated it in terms of their own beliefs, time, perceptions and intended audience. Of those mentioned artist, the oldest version of the Last Supper was by Leonardo DaVinci in 1495 –Read MoreEssay about Salvador Dalis Work4988 Words   |  20 PagesSalvador Dalis Work Salvador Dalis creativity allowed him the freedom to be who he wanted to be, the same is true in American culture today. Dalis excellence in draftsmanship, accessibility of imagery from the unconscious, and master of self-publicity all resulted in unimaginable fame. Dali was born in Figueras, a northern Spanish provinceof Cataloniain May of 1904; Dali began his life within a middle-class family. He joined the Surrealist movement during the summer